摘要:张岱享有“绝代的散文家”之称,他有“两梦”及《琅嬛文集》传世。这三部作品的思想内涵有着一致性,即都是张岱在困苦生活中对以往美好生活的追思、怅惘以及对国破家亡的愤慨。张岱的一生很是丰富多彩,由于家传渊源,早年的他生活闲散悠游,广郊游,泛交友,纨绔风流。总之,前半生,张岱享受着世人向往的荣华富贵;后半生,则尝到了由繁华到落寞的凄凉。在这个过程中,张岱形成了其独特的人格魅力,让后人无限向往。49964
毕业论文关键词:张岱;“两梦”;人格魅力
The Exploration of Dai Zhang's Personality Charm From his Essays
Abstract:Dai Zhang was titled most excellent essayist, who wrote three great books,two “dreams”and “the basic writing of Lang Huan”. The ideological implications of the three works have some consistency that they were all his memories and distraction of the past good life and his indignation of the nation death in poor life. Zhang’s whole life was extremely rich and colorful. Because of his wealthy family, he was relaxed and was a playboy at his early life. At that time, he traveled and made friends extensively. All in all , the first half of Zhang’s life, he lived the rich and noble life which people all admired. However, the latter half of his life, Zhang suffered the dreariness from prosperous to desolate condition. In this process, he formed his unique personality charm, which let the posterity yearn infinitely.
Key Word:Dai Zhang; Two “dreams”; Personality charm
目 录
摘 要1
Abstract1
前 言1
一、早年的幸福生活2
二、晚年的悲惨世界3
三、人格之最终形成5
结 语7
参考文献7
致 谢8
从张岱小品文探其人格魅力
前言
晚明是一个纷繁复杂的时期,资本主义萌芽的出现,西学东渐的产生,统治的风雨飘摇,都给那个时代的文化、生活、文学带来了极大的影响。袁中道在《与丘长儒》中说:“天下多事,有锋颖者,先受其祸。吾辈唯嘿与谦,可以有容。繁华气微,山林趣重,终当伴中郎于村落间耳。前往拜李长者坟,泫然欲泣。龙不隐鳞,凤不戢羽,何言哉?”[1]袁中道表明了那个时代社会的混乱以及读书人的无奈。此时,读书人往往寻找他们的精神寄托,或沉醉于山川好景,或流连于烟花巷柳,在梦幻的世界里过着真实的生活。张岱便生长于这样的时代,又加上家学渊源,他不可避免的成为了“纨绔子弟”。
一、早年的幸福生活
张岱出生于累世高官之家,从小过着安乐生活。正如他在《自为墓志铭》里所说:“少为纨绔子弟,极爱繁华,好精奢,好美婢,好娈童,好鲜衣,好美食,好骏马,好华灯,好烟火,好梨园,好鼓吹,好古董,好花鸟,兼以茶淫橘虐,书蠹诗魔。”[2] 这样安乐的生活并没有把张岱腐蚀成无耻的“纨绔子弟”,反而极大的培养了他的性情和才情。
《虎丘中秋夜》展示出了虎丘中秋的热闹繁华,也写出了张岱的“爱繁华”。这里花香四溢,这里月光皎洁,这里往来穿梭的都是靓丽的人,这里还有大吹大擂的欢乐的人群,这里丝竹不绝,这里热闹到“雷轰鼎沸,呼叫不闻” [3]。这样热闹繁华之景,怎能不叫人喜欢呢?张岱也在繁华中度过了他的青少年时期。风华正茂,诗酒年华,性情和才情都得到了极好的培养。张岱在被水环绕的砎园长大,在那里,他对大自然的欣赏力得到了很大的培养。砎园被水盘踞着,又正好得水而用。那里有寿花堂,一堤之隔的是小眉山,又有天问台,又有弯曲而悠长的竹径。那里还有霞爽轩,有酣漱阁,也有长廊,更有小曲桥。池边还有鲈香亭、梅花禅,很是宁静幽远。总之,砎园很美。美在精致,美在灵动。在砎园,水的智慧得到了很大限度的利用,整个布局也尽显世家名流之风范。而正是这种风度培养了张岱知情之意的个性。