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摘要：钟嵘评谢朓诗歌“末篇多踬”之说，在后世备受关注，至今学界仍众说纷纭。本文以谢朓山水诗作为主要考察对象，对这一问题从五个方面再加探讨：首先，界定论题“末篇”所指与“踬”的内涵；其次，肯定其“末篇”确实“多踬”；再次，从内容趋同和技法固化两方面对“末篇多踬”详加解析；接着，深入挖掘促使小谢诗歌形成这一特点的时代及个人因素；最后，对“末篇多踬”进行再评价，充分肯定谢朓山水诗“末篇”的诗艺探索在中国古代山水诗发展史上的重要意义。52145
毕业论文关键词：谢朓；山水诗；“末篇多踬”
Abstract: ZhongRong comments on XieTiao’s poetry that it has more or less defects at the end point of his poetry, which still attract much attention from academic circles and has been discussed. In this article, the author takes XieTiao’s landscape poetry as the main object to study and explores it deeply from five aspects. Firstly, the author defines what “the ending of article” stands for and the connotation of defects which called “ZHI”. Secondly, the author agrees with ZhongRong that it really has defects at the end point of XieTiao’s poetry. Thirdly, why we are confident that his landscape poetry has many defects at the end of XieTiao’s poetry will be explained from two aspects: content convergence and techniques solidification. What’s more, what age and personal factors contribute to his poetry characteristics will be studied deeply by author. Finally, the author will reassess the XieTiao’s poetry characteristics which have of great significance in the development of Chinese ancient landscape poetry.
Key words: XieTiao; Landscape poetry; it has more or less defects at the end point of his poetry
谢朓的文学成就主要在山水诗的创作上，他的诗作继承“开山鼻祖”谢灵运的山水诗而来，又影响了王维等人的山水诗作。然而，历来对谢朓的评价褒贬不一。钟嵘是与谢朓同时代的评论家，曾这样评价谢朓的山水诗：“善自发诗端，而末篇多踬，此意锐而才弱也。” [1](P298) “善自发诗端”是对小谢诗歌工于发端的充分肯定，后世论者并无异议；“末篇多踬”则是对小谢诗“末篇”的指摘，引起古今众多学者的争议。显然，关于谢朓诗歌的“末篇”是一个值得关注的学术问题。在对此展开讨论之前，将“末篇”与“踬”的内涵划定清楚是十分必要的。
一 论题范围的界定：“末篇”所指与“踬”的内涵
关于“末篇”之所指，向来有两种意见：一种观点认为是指诗篇的结句之处，另一观点则认为是指诗歌中关于抒情的后半部分。持前一种观点者，如《文镜秘府论·天卷》引隋刘善经《四声论》云：
颍川钟嵘之作《诗评》，料简次第，议其工拙，乃以谢朓之诗，末句多蹇，降为“中品”。[2](P93)
陈衍《平议》亦云：
此评多未当……首韵、篇中工者固多，结语工者尚不少。如“玉座犹寂寞，况乃妾身轻”、“长夜缝罗衣，思君此何极”、“车马一东西，别后思今夕”……[1](P304)
显然，从刘善经用“末句”一词和陈衍用“结语”及所举例子可以看出，他们将“末篇”理解为诗歌的最后两句。持后一种观点者，如陈延杰说：
玄晖诗末篇多喜用古事，所谓借古人成语，以自抒其胸臆者，亦自奇警，不尽踬也。[3](P49)
魏耕原先生指出：
“末篇”不等于“篇末”，篇末仅指尾联结句，亦即最后两句；而“末篇”当指后半篇。或后边少半篇，它包括结尾两句在内。[4]（P42）