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3.2 Statistics on Scheduling Problems and Performance Measures
3.2.1 Scheduling Problems
Table 3 shows the distribution of scheduling problems that are involved under this category. As for the general FMS schedul- ing studies, the parts dispatching was a popular item, which attracted the attention of many authors.
3.2.2 Performance Measures
Both flow-time and tardiness related measures were employed most frequently as the performance measures. This is shown in Table 4.
Table 3. Scheduling problem in multi-criteria scheduling approaches.
Scheduling Number of Reference Period
problem publications number of
publications
Chryssolouris et al. [59] tested a modular system that treated a production scheduling problem as a multi-criteria decision- making issue using a simulation model. The developed method attempted to model the decision-making process, at the work
centre level, as a multi-criteria decision problem. The simul-
Parts dispatching 8 [59], [83], [85– 1985–1999
89], [91]
Machine selection 1 [84] 1990
AGV scheduling 3 [84], [88], [90] 1990–1996
Table 4. Performance measures used in multi-criteria approaches.
ation model consisted of two different work centre configur- ations (i.e. one work centre, and five work centres) and com- pared the rule-based method with four dispatching rules, which were LCFS, FCFS, SPT, and LPT. The employed performance measures were average flow-time, WIP, number of jobs com- pleted, and mean tardiness. The results showed that for one work centre, the SPT rule performed well, and in the case of
five work centres, the rule outperformed all other dispatching
Performance Number of Reference Period measures publications number of
publications
Flow-time related 5 [59], [84], [86], 1988–1996
[88], [90]
Tardiness or tardy 5 [59], [84], [86], 1988–1999
job related [87], [91]
Utilisation related 3 [83], [84], [87] 1985–1994 (including system,
machine, station, etc.)
Cost related 2 [87], [91] 1994 and 1999
Inventory related 1 [59] 1988
Others 4 [59], [83], [87], 1985–1996
[90]
3.3 Review of Related Publications
Shanker and Tzen [83] found that random FMSs require bal- anced workloads to operate effectively. They studied a schedul- ing problem in an FMS that was considered to be a composite of two independent tasks: loading and sequencing. Formulations were presented for the loading problem with two objectives: