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摘要随着工业化、城镇化的不断推进，以及不断满足社会经济快速发展的需要，人类在对的土地的利用中产生了一系列的问题，人地关系矛盾日趋紧张的同时，土地利用生态安全问题也逐渐浮出水面，如：土地流失、环境脆弱、资源紧缺、耕地质量下降等。土地与人类息息相关，是人类生产生活的物质基础和资本。为了更加合理的利用土地资源，促使经济、社会、生态三者的协调发展，我国政府大力推进生态文明建设的工作体系，为人类的生活安全提供保障。40254
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本文以徐州市为研究对象，以徐州市下各乡镇为评价单元，从资源社会经济承载力、资源可利用现状、环境系统的影响程度、生态系统的稳定性四个方面选取了13项具有代表性的评价因子构建指标体系。主要采用主成分聚类分析的方法，先利用主成分分析法对原始指标进行降文处理，得到生态安全评价的四个相互独立的新的综合变量，再对新变量进行K-均值聚类分析。结合第一主成分得分的排名和K-均值聚类分析的结果对评价单元进行相对等级的划分，分为：生态安全、生态较安全、生态待改善三类。首先，按照生态安全评价的原则建立徐州市土地利用生态安全评价指标体系，收集和采集数据；然后，利用SPSS软件进行主成分分析和K-均值聚类分析；最后，统计评价结果，并结合结果对根据研究结论对徐州市的社会、经济、生态协调发展以及土地资源可持续利用提出合理的建议。
生态安全的区域：龙固镇、五段镇、窑湾镇、大沙河镇等10个评价单元，应保护现有的生态功能区，同时开发农业、林业、旅游、休闲、度假等绿色产业带动区域经济增长；生态较安全的区域：青山泉镇、柳新镇、汉王镇等95个评价单元，应盘活已利用土地，充分挖掘建设用地内部潜力，同时开发未利用地进行生态开发；生态待改善的区域：市区、铜山镇、运河镇等10个评价单元，由于这10个区域经济发展是重点，故应加大土地整治力度，复垦废弃土地，开发未利用地，在不减少耕地数量和质量的基础上适当增加建设用地的指标。
毕业论文关键词：生态安全，土地利用生态安全评价，主成分分析，聚类分析
Abstract
With the advancement of industrialization, urbanization, and continuously meet the needs of social and economic rapid development, human beings in the right of land use to produce a series of problems, at the same time , in an increasingly tense contradiction of human and land ecological security of land use problems also gradually emerged, such as: land erosion , the environment is fragile and the shortage of resources, the decrease of the quality of the cultivated land ,etc. Land is closely related to the human and is the basic of the living and production of human. In order to more rational use of land resources, to promote the coordinated development of economy, society and ecology ,the government has made efforts to promote the building of ecological civilization system ,providing guarantee for human life safety.
Taking Xuzhou as the research object , the study takes townships as evaluation units, from the status of available resources ,the pressure of resources , environment system and the stability of the ecological evaluation index, selecting the representative indicators to build a evaluation system .This paper mainly adopt the method of principal component cluster analysis, the principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimension of original indicators , getting four separate assessment of ecological security of the new comprehensive variables, then the K-means clustering analysis are carried out on the new variables. Combined with the first principal component scores and the result of K-means cluster analysis to pide the units to three relative levels: ecological security ,ecological less security ,ecological to improve. Firstly , according to the thought of ecological security evaluation, an index system of Xuzhou’s ecological security evaluation has been established , relevant data has been widely collected and made it normalization. Secondly , Then ,using the principal component cluster analysis of SPSS software. Finally, summary the evaluation results, and according to the evaluation results, some policy recommendations on coordinated development of society , economy and ecology and sustainable utilization of land resources were put forward .