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摘要：换热器是在工厂生产中最常见的过程设备之一，是用于物料之间进行热量传递的过程设备，使热量从热流体传递到冷流体的设备。氨冷凝器是组成氨制冷系统的核心部件，是氨制冷系统的主要热交换设备之一，它将压缩机排出的高压、过热氨蒸汽冷凝成氨液。
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氨的冷凝是现在大多数化工厂所面对的问题，因此本次课题研究的是氨冷凝器，本设计说明书是基于现有浮头式卧式氨冷凝器的相关形式进行设计及改进。浮头式换热器由于管束的膨胀不受壳体的约束，因此不会因管束之间的差胀而产生温差应力，另外浮头式换热器的优点还在于拆卸方便，易清洗。在化工工业中应用广泛。其主要设计内容主要有换热器的选择、工艺计算、结构与强度设计，如换热管的分布、折流板的选型、开孔补强计算以及各种零部件的材料选择等几部分组成。9324
关键词： 管壳式换热器；浮头式换热器；结构与强度设计
The design of the ammonia condenser
Abstract：
Heat exchanger is used in the materials to carry on the thermal transmission the process. Through this kind of equipment，materials achieve assignment the temperature to satisfy the craft the request. Ammonia condenser is the core component of ammonia refrigeration system, is one of the main heat exchange equipment of ammonia refrigeration system, it will compressor discharge pressure, overheated steam condensing into ammonia liquid ammonia.
Ammonia condensation is what most chemical plants face problems now, so this topic is the study of the ammonia condenser, The design specification is base on existing related to the form of floating-head type horizontal ammonia condenser to design and improvement. floating-head heat exchanger due to the expansion of the vascular bundles from the constraints of the shell is, therefore, not for over the difference between from bilge temperature distribution, and the advantages of handling hypoxia heat exchanger is also remove the convenient, easy to clean. In the chemical industry is used widely. The main design content mainly have heat exchanger selection, process calculation, structure and strength design, the distribution of heat
tube and the baffle plate of type selection, opening reinforcement calculation and various parts of material selection, etc.
KeyWords: tube and shell heat exchanger;floating-head heat exchanger;the structure and strength design
目录
1 换热器的概述 1
1.1 换热器的应用 1
1.2 换热器的分类 1
1.2.1 换热器的分类与特点 1
1.2.2 管壳式换热器的分类及特点 2
1.3 换热管简介 7
1.4 课题研究内容 8
2 结构的初选 9
2.1 设计条件 9
2.2 设备材料的选择 9
2.3 换热器结构与参数的选择 9
2.4 壳体直径 10
3 换热器结构设计 11
3.1 壳体与管箱厚度的确定 11
3.1.1 圆筒壳体厚度的设计 11
3.1.2 管箱厚度计算 12
3.2 开孔补强计算 14
3.2.1壳体上开孔补强计算 14
3.2.2 外头盖和封头上开孔补强计算 16
3.2.3排污管 18
3.3 换热管 19
3.3.1 换热管的排列 19
3.3.2 排管 20
3.3.3 换热管与管板的连接 20
3.4 各零部件的设计 20
3.4.1 浮头管板及钩圈法兰结构设计 20