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摘要：随着城市建设的不断发展，高层建筑不断增多，电梯在人们的生活中占有着越来越重要的地位。因此电梯的研究也越来越重要。目前，电梯控制系统已基本上淘汰了传统继电器控制方式．取而代之的是以PLC积分控制器为核心的数字控制系统。其中，PLC由于编程简单、使用文护方便、设计和调试周期短、抗干扰能力强、可靠性高等优点，倍受人们重视，被广泛的应用在电梯控制系统中。
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本论文文结合PLC 的性能，在介绍电梯基本结构的基础上，深入分析了电梯的工作原理，重点分析了电梯的硬件设计和软件设计。论述PLC 在电梯控制系统中的运用，研究并提出了基于西门子PLC (S7-200)的5层电梯控制系统设计的实现方案，通过合理的选择和设计，实现主要功能有：层楼信号的产生与消除、停层信号的登记与消除、电梯的定向、停车信号、起动、稳速运行、制动减速、开关门环节等。5575
关键字：电梯；PLC；硬件；软件设计；控制
Design of elevator control system based on PLC
ABSTRACT: With the city construction's continuous development , the amount of high-rise buildings is increasing rapidly ，which makes the role that elevator played in people's daily life become more and more important. Therefore, the elevator research is increasingly important. At present, the elevator control system has largely eliminated the traditional relay control mode. Integral controller based on PLC is the core digital control system. PLC, which has advantage of simple and easy to use and easy maintenance, design and debug cycle is short, anti-interference ability, high reliability, is widely used in elevator control system.
In this thesis, based on the introduction of the basic structure of the elevator, I deeply analyzed how the elevator works, and emphasized on the elevator's hardware and software design. By stating the application of PLC in the system of elevator control, I researched and worked out a practical scheme of 5 layer elevator's control system based on Siemens PLC (s7-200).Through the rational selection and design,I managed to make the elevator carry out the basic function such as production and elimination of floor signal、registration and elimination of stopping-layer signal、elevator’s directional、parking signal、starting、steady-speedmovement, braking deceleration, switch door links,etc.
Key Words: elevator；PLC；hardware and software’s functions；control
目 录
1 概述1
1.1电梯的起源与发展1
1.2 电梯硬件分析1
1.2.1电梯的组成… 3
1.2.2电梯的主要电气设备…4
1.2.3 电梯工作原理4
1.3 电梯与PLC…4
2 PLC控制系统5
2.1 PLC工作原理 … 5
2.2 PLC的特点… 6
2.3 PLC控制系统设计思想与步骤 7
3 控制系统硬件设计… 8
3.1 控制要求分析8
3.2 电梯曳引电机及门电机电路图… 9
3.3 PLC选型 9
3.3.1 PLC控制系统的I/O点数计算与分配 11
3.3.2 PLC的型号选择… 12
3.4 PLC I/O硬件连接图… 12
4 控制系统软件设计… 12
4.1 乘客控制方式… 13
4.1.1轿厢内呼和楼层外呼指示程序13
4.1.2楼层位置信号…16
4.1.3七段数码管显示17
4.1.4电梯定向环节…19
a. 电梯上行…19
b．电梯下行…20
4.1.5开关门控制21
4.1.6停止信号 23
4.1.7 升降电动机控制… 24
4.2 手动检修控制方式 25