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摘要随着时代的进步工业的不断发展，人们对加热炉，热处理炉，检测和调节锅炉的温度的要求越来越高，所以我们需要一个合适的精确高的温度控制系统。而单片机价格低廉，功能强大，体积小，性能稳定，控制方法多样，在基于一些控制算法下，可打到较高的控制精度，从而提升工业生产大众的产品质量，因此单片机在小型控制中被广泛的应用。39967
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本设计的主被控对象是电阻炉。由于温度是一个大的惯性系统，它不能突变，所以我们通过单片机对温度进行的不断测控以达成本次完善的体系。单片机按照测得的温度和设定的温度进行对比，通过内部特殊的算法，输出相应的PWM波形，进而控制双向可控硅单位时间内的导通与关断的比例完成对电源输出功率的调控。最终使炉内水温定在预设值上，同时对越线温度报警。由于炉内水位会随着排放和补充的影响有所变化,所以为了防止干烧和水位溢出现象，我通过单片机检测到的水位信号给出相应的输出电平来控制继电器，再由继电器控制电机动作、关闭，使水箱内水位在达到下限时自动补水，达到上限后自动停止。最终达到水箱内水温和水位的同时控制。
毕业论文关键词 单片机 电阻炉 可控硅 温度控制
Abstract
With the development of industrial technology , various types of furnace , heat treatment furnace, boiler temperature are detected and regulated by people. so they need a proper temperature control system. The single chip microcontroller (SCM) have many advantages, such as low price , strong function, small volume, stable performance , flexible control method . Based on the control algorithm, the SCM will achieve high control precision and improve the quality of products in industrial production processes and so on the SCM can greatly enhance the quality of the product.
The design of the main control object is a resistance furnace .Since the temperature is a large inertial system, it can not be mutated, So constantly microcontroller for temperature measurement and control in order to achieve this sound system. Microcontroller according to the temperature and the set temperature measured for comparison and output corresponding PWM waveform and turn off and proportional control triac unit time to complete the regulation of the power source output. Finally, makeing the furnace temperature set at a preset value on. Since the furnace along with the water level will affect emissions and supplemented change, we use the microcontroller detects the level signal is given to the corresponding output level control relay, and then by moving motor relay control the level in order to prevent dry phenomenon. Eventually ,I make the water tank at the same temperature and control water level.
Keywords: Single-chip-microcomputer Resistance-furnace silicon-controlled rectifier Temperature control
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract.Ⅱ
1 绪 论 1
1.1 课题研究的历史进程 1
1.2 课题研究的应用及发展 1
1.3 系统所需实现的功能 2
2 系统的组成框图及工作原理..3
3 系统的硬件 4
3.1 单片机的发展与选取 4
3.1.1 单片的功能 4
3.2 温度控制及水位控制电路 6
3.2.1 温度控制模块 6
3.2.2 可控硅 6
3.2.3 光电耦合器MOC3021 7
3.2.4 温度控制模块电路图 7
3.2.5 水位控制电路 8
3.3 温度检测电路 8