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摘要重金属废渣因为产量大、毒性强、危害广，其处理方法日益受到关注。目前，一般采用固化稳定、酸性还原、碱性还原、烧结还原等方法解毒处理。解毒后的废渣广泛用于冶金、建筑、玻璃等行业。 本文选取铬渣作为处理对象，设计一个以稻壳为燃料的熔池。将稻壳灰与铬渣按一定比例熔融混合，再冷却形成稳定的新渣。稻壳灰的熔点比较高，达到1300多摄氏度，粘度也比较大，不利于流动，因此，还需要加入一些添加剂，来降低熔点和粘度，然后再与铬渣熔融混合，形成终渣。为了降低熔炼过程的能量消耗和耐火材料的消耗，最后形成的渣的熔点应低于1200℃。通常熔炼温度比灰渣熔点高 100-200℃，预计为 1300℃。在相应的熔炼温度下，熔渣粘度的理想范围为5-10泊。 经计算，选定铁矿石和白云石作为添加剂，而且铬渣与稻壳灰、铁矿石和白云石的比例为 22.5:3:1:0.5。形成的熔渣熔点为 1176.3℃，熔池熔炼温度为1300℃，此时熔渣粘度为0.625Pa·s。 熔池的结构以反射炉炉底作为基础结构。在此基础上，将反射炉炉床倾斜一定角度，取消原扒渣口，最终形成的渣从炼铜反射炉的出铜口排出。 60454
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毕业论文关键字 铬渣 稻壳灰 熔池 熔点 粘度
The Design and Performance Analysis of Molten Pool Abstract The processing method of heavy metal slag is getting growing concern, because it’s large production, toxicity and hazards. At present, people process the heavy metal slag by curing treatment, acidic restore, alkaline restore and the sintering restore commonly. The detoxifying slag widely used in metallurgy, construction, glass and other industries. In this article, chromium residue is selected as the processing object, and the goal is to design a molten pool using rice husk as fuel. Rice husk ash and chromium slag melt-mixed by a certain percentage, and then cooled to form a stable new slag. The rice husk ash melting point is relatively high, reaching more than 1300 degrees Celsius, and the viscosity is relatively large, is not conducive to the current. Accordingly, there is a need to add some additives to lower the melting point and viscosity, and then chromium slag is added into the rice husk ash, to form a final slag. To reduce energy and refractory consumption, the melting point of the final slag should be lower than 1200 ℃. Usually, melting temperature is about 100-200 ℃ higher than the ash melting point, and it is expected to 1300 ℃. Under the appropriate melting temperature, the desired range of the viscosity of slag is 5-10 poises. After calculation, it select iron ore and dolomite as an additive, and the proportion of chromium slag between rice husk ash, iron ore and dolomite is 22.5:3:1:0.5. The melting point of the formed slag is 1176.3 ℃, the smelting temperature of molten pool is 1300 ℃, and the slag viscosity is 0.625 Pa • s. The structure of the molten pool is based on the reverberatory furnace. On this basis, the reverberatory furnace hearth is inclined at an angle, and the original slag mouth is cancelled, the final form of slag discharged from the original copper mouth.
Keywords chromium residue rice husk ash molten pool melting point viscosity
1 绪论 1
1.1 重金属 1
1.2 重金属污染主要来源 2
1.3 重金属污染的危害 3
1.4 目前重金属废渣的处理方法 4
1.5 重金属废渣的综合利用 6