连杆机构英文文献和中文翻译(5)

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You can enhance your creativity through various techniques.

CREATIVE PROCESS Many techniques have been developed to enhance or inspire creative problem solving. In fact, just as design processes have been defined, so has the creative process shown in Table 1-3. This creative process can be thought of as a subset of the design process and to exist within it. The ideation and invention step can thus be broken down into these four substeps.

IDEA GENERATION is the most difficult of these steps. Even very creative people have difficulty in inventing "on demand." Many techniques have been suggested to improve the yield of ideas. The most important technique is that of deferred judgment, which means that your criticality should be temporarily suspended. Do not try to judge the quality of your ideas at this stage. That will be taken care of later, in the analysis phase. The goal here is to obtain as large a quantity of potential designs as possible. Even superficially ridiculous suggestions should be welcomed, as they may trigger new insights and suggest other more realistic and practical solutions.

BRAINSTORMING is a technique for which some claim great success in generat- ing creative solutions. This technique requires a group, preferably 6 to 15 people, and attempts to circumvent the largest barrier to creativity, which is fear of ridicule. Most people, when in a group, will not suggest their real thoughts on a subject, for fear of be-

ing laughed at. Brainstorming's rules require that no one is allowed to make fun of or criticize anyone's suggestions, no matter how ridiculous. One participant acts as "scribe" and is duty bound to record all suggestions, no matter how apparently silly. When done properly, this technique can be fun and can sometimes result in a "feeding frenzy" of ideas which build upon each other. Large quantities of ideas can be generated in a short time. Judgment on their quality is deferred to a later time.

When working alone, other techniques are necessary. Analogies and inversion are often useful. Attempt to draw analogies between the problem at hand and other physical contexts. If it is a mechanical problem, convert it by analogy to a fluid or electrical one. Inversion turns the problem inside out. For example, consider what you want moved to be stationary and vice versa. Insights often follow. Another useful aid to creativity is the use of synonyms. Define the action verb in the problem statement, and then list as many synonyms for that verb as possible. For example: