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摘要最近几年，由于我国的经济发展迅猛，产业转型较快，城镇化水平不断深入，人们的生活水平也在不断提高。但与此同时也造成了自然资源的短缺、生态环境的污染、草原的退化、空间构成的不合理、区域发展的差异等难以解决的问题；随处可见的干旱、洪涝、高温、地震等自然灾害时有发生，给我国进行可持续发展、构建和谐型环境友好型社会形成了诸多的危机和未知的隐患。所以需要合理的协调自然资源、生态环境、社会生产、经济发展、人口文化等自然和人文要素之间的关系；并正确的测量我国土地资源的分布情况、准确估算土地的承受力和其开发利用的潜力；同时对城市的发展、产业的转型进行科学合理的规划，推进生态文明的建设、加快构建和谐社会的速度，从而达到社会与自然和谐发展的目标。而地理国情普查是了解我国各环境要素与社会要素的基础工作，所以地理国情普查势在必行。32365
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本文基于对航拍影像的判读，结合基础地理信息数据，对内业采集的地表覆盖分类信息数据进行了地表类型、边界、要素属性的编辑和修改工作，实现了数据的更新；探讨了地理国情普查中数据更新的作业方法、技术路线以及操作过程中遇到的问题和解决办法；详细阐述了数据更新的操作过程、影像解译标志、数据采集要求、数据检查指标等重要内容。最后完成了江苏省连云港市东海县地理国情普查的地表覆盖分类部分数据更新工作。
毕业论文关键词：东海县地理国情普查，影像判读，数据更新，地表覆盖分类
Abstract As China's economy continues to develop, the industrial structure adjustment, the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, people's living standards improved. But at the same time a shortage of resources, environmental pollution and ecological degradation, unreasonable spatial structure, regional development and other issues are also increasingly serious lack of coordination; there occurs droughts, floods, heat, earthquakes and other natural disasters, to the future of China sustainable development has brought a lot of hidden dangers and crises. Reasonable relations among the various elements of ecology, resources, natural environment, social, economic, demographic between accurate estimate of the carrying capacity of our land resources and development potential, scientific and rational planning the layout of urban and industrial development, rapid promotion of eco-civilization construction, building a harmonious society in harmony with nature, is an inevitable trend of the future sustainable development of our country, and geography census imperative.
The paper is based on interpretation of aerial photographic images, and combined with survey base maps data, edited and modified the surface types, borders, feature attributes by the data that has been received about land cover classification data; and discussed the method of data update of geographical conditions survey, problems and solutions encountered during operation as well as technology road; and elaborated on the process of updating the data, image interpretation signs, requirements of data collection, data checking indicators and so on. Finally finished part of data updating work of the land cover classification of the geographic conditions survey of Donghai County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province.
Key words： Donghai County geographic conditions survey, image interpretation, data update, land cover classification.
目 录
摘要Ⅰ
AbstractⅡ
1 绪论1
1.1地理国情普查的背景和意义1
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.3 主要内容和技术路线4
2 基础知识6
2.1 ArcGIS6
2.2 航空摄影测量 7