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摘要：本课题分别利用钼酸铵分光光度法测定样品中微量磷和异烟酸—吡唑啉酮分光光度法测定样品中氰化物含量。异烟酸—吡唑啉酮分光光度法测定样品中氰化物含量，在40℃的条件下（可用水浴控制），在分光光度计上于646nm波长处，用蒸馏水作参比，用1cm比色皿进行测定，记录吸光度。钼酸铵分光光度法测定样品中微量磷，用1cm比色皿于710nm波长处，以蒸馏水为参比，测量吸光度。最后分别利用稳定的指示剂寻找模拟试剂。制作标准溶液作为参比，制备模拟试剂，实现用目视比色法测定样品中微量磷和氰化物含量。解决中小型企业在缺乏仪器（分光光度计）的情况下，自行测定废水中微量磷和氰化物含量是否达到国家排放标准。
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关键词：磷；氰；钼酸铵；异烟酸—吡唑啉酮；分光光度法；模拟试剂
Fast test of the amount of Non-metallic Ions ——Phosphorus and Cyanide in Industrial Wastewater
Abstract: In this topic,the microscale phosphorus of sample is determined by ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry and cyanide in the sample is determined by Isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone spectrophotometry. In the Isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone spectrophotometry determining the microscale phosphorus of sample, a spectrophotometer is used at 646 nm wavelength to measure the absorbance under the conditions of 40°C controlled by water bath, using 1cm cuvette and distilled water as reference. In the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry, a Spectrophotometer is used at 710 nm wavelength to measure the absorbance under the conditions of using 1cm cuvette and distilled water as reference. At last , indicators which are stable are respectively used to compound the simulation of reagents.Making standard solution as reference and preparing the simulation of reagents makes it possible that content of and cyanide in the sample can be measured with visual colorimetry. That helps some small and medium-sized enterprises which is lack of equipment(spectrophotometer) determine by themselves whether the content of phosphorus and cyanide in the waste water meets the national emission standards.
Key words: phosphorus; cyanuric the isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone; spectrophotometry; ammonium molybdate; analog reagents
目录
1 前言1
1.1 磷含量的测定1
1.1.1 重量法1
1.1.2 滴定分析法1
1.1.3 光度法1
1.2 氢含量的测定2
1.2.1 色谱法2
1.2.2.1 气相色谱法2
1.2.1.2 高效液相色谱法2
1.2.2 分光光度法3
1.3 本文立题依据、意义及研究内容3
2 实验内容5
2.1 试验药品及试验仪器5
2.1.1 试验药品5
2.1.2 试验设备5
2.2 氢含量分析测定实验6
2.2.1 实验原理6
2.2.2 试剂的制备6
2.3 氰含量测定7
2.3.1 氰含量的测定7
2.3.2 寻找模拟试剂 17
2.4 磷含量分析测定实验8
2.4.1 实验原理8
2.4.2 试剂的制备8
2.5 磷含量测定9
2.5.1 磷含量的测定9
2.5.2 寻找模拟试剂 29
3 结果与讨论 10
3.1 氰含量分析 10
3.1.1 硝酸银标定 10
3.1.2 氰化钾贮备液标定 10
3.1.3 生成物蓝色染料吸收光谱曲线的绘制 10
3.1.4 显色温度实验和蓝色染料的稳定性测定 11
3.1.5 磷酸盐缓冲溶液加入量的确定 12
3.1.6 氯胺T加入量的确定 12
3.1.7 显色剂用量的确定 13
3.1.8 显色时间及蓝色染料的稳定性 13
3.1.9 模拟试剂1吸光度与溶液PH的关系14
3.1.10 模拟试剂1吸收光谱曲线14
3.1.11 时间对模拟试剂1的影响及稳定性15