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摘要:汽车自救装置顾名思义就是汽车能自己完成自我救助的装置，现在最常用的汽车自救装置是绞盘机。下面用本次设计的液压绞盘为例来介绍一下绞盘机，液压绞盘主要有液压系统，制动系统，减速器，卷筒，钢缆绳组成。其中液压系统是动力的来源，由液压泵从液压缸抽取液压油经过单向阀（单向阀在此的作用是提供单项液压油），然后经过电磁换向阀（当电磁换向阀打在左边时进油）进入下一个单向阀从而带动液压马达的转动，在第二个单向阀处设置了减压溢流阀，当压力超过一定压力的时候通过溢流阀来进行减压，回油的过程中，在油箱处设有过滤器用来确保油液的质量。由于汽车的空余空间有限所以不可能选择太大的液压马达，因此就需要减速器来进行调整从而达到可用的拖力，本次设计使用的减速器是二级行星齿轮减速器，共有751个齿轮第一级分配的传动比是6.26，第二级分配的传动比是5，以第一级传动中的行星轮作为第二级中的太阳轮从而实现传动比为31.3的总体传动，通过减速器的减速后作用到卷筒上（卷筒是通过卷绕来收放钢缆绳的装置）通过卷筒的卷绕带动钢缆绳直接作用于汽车从而完成拖拽工作，钢缆绳的直径和长度是根据最初的承载能力来选取的，钢缆绳是缠绕在卷筒上，在钢缆绳的工作端结呈环状并与锚钩连接，本次绞盘设计不仅采用了液压系统锁紧，还外加了机械锁紧制动装置，制动系统是通过液压油，转动刹车片，固定刹车片，蝶形弹簧来完成的，当绞盘工作时液压油通过油管进入型腔推动固定刹车片移动从而推动挡板的移动压紧蝶形弹簧使固定刹车片与转动刹车片分离从而使绞盘能够做旋转运动，在需要刹车时，只要停止给刹车腔供油则没有了液压油的巨大推力去平衡蝶型弹簧的弹力，则蝶型弹簧必然会推动挡板向前运动，从而挡板推动固定刹车片与向前与转动刹车片结合从而促使转动刹车片不再运动进而致使主轴停止转动。这样在拥有液压系统锁紧和机械锁紧之后可以在液压系统出现故障时绞盘不会因此而失控。32073
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在对野外车辆工作环境和故障的研究后，我们清楚的了解绞盘机在汽车自动救援领域的重要意义。绞盘的使用非常广泛，现在随处可见的建筑工地上，每天上下班经常乘坐的电梯，起重机，码头用来拖拽船只用的绞盘机等等都涉及绞盘原理，自从绞盘机在码头被用来拖拽船只后，喜欢搞设计发明的人们就把它带到了各个领域，随着绞盘的越来越大众化，绞盘的发展变得尤为迅速，从刚开始的单一的电动绞盘，到现在的液压绞盘，PTO绞盘，轮毂绞盘等等，绞盘朝着多向化发展，并且绞盘技术已经变得相当成熟。虽然现在安装绞盘的车辆还占不到一半，但绞盘是所有的车辆都可以安装并能用来野外自救的装置。尤其是在世界上工作环境最差的领域内工作的各型越
野车，几乎都装有电动绞盘机。在世界级的关于越野的大赛更是名门规定所有参赛车辆必须配备车用绞盘。可见，绞盘机对越野车的重要性。考虑到中国庞大的、复杂的地质地貌，山脉丘陵，沼泽，沙漠占了几乎一半的土地面积，在生活生产领域内，车辆往往会陷入一个困境，这时拥有绞车显得特别重要地。
毕业论文关键词：绞盘；减速器；滚筒；
Automotive self-help device
Abstract:Automotive self-help device just as its name implies is to his complete self-help device, self-help device is the most commonly used cars now the winch. With the design of the hydraulic winch below as an example to introduce the winch, hydraulic winch is mainly hydraulic system, braking system, reducer, drum, steel rope. By hydraulic pump hydraulic system is the source of power, among them to extract oil from the hydraulic cylinder through a one-way valve (check valve in this role is to provide inpidual hydraulic oil), and then through the electromagnetic directional valve (feed) when electromagnetic directional valve to play on the left to the next check valve to drive the motor rotation, set up at the second check valve pressure relief valve, when pressure exceeds a certain pressure relief through the overflow valve, oil return process, a filter is used to ensure that the quality of the oil in tank. As car free space is limited so can't choose the hydraulic motor is too big, so to adjust the speed reducer is required to achieve the available drag force, this design USES the secondary planet gear reducer, gear reducer is a total of six gear transmission ratio is 6.26 (the first level, second level distribution ratio is 5, in the first level of transmission planetary wheel as the sun in the second round so as to realize the overall transmission of drive ratio of 31.3, through the role of the after reduction gear reducer on the drum, drum is closed by winding steel cable) is put through the winding drum drive the steel rope direct effects on the car to do drag and drop, the diameter and length of steel rope was selected according to the bearing capacity of the original, the steel cable is wound on the reel, the knot in the work of the steel cable show cricoid and connected to the anchor, the winch design not only adopted a system of hydraulic lock, also plus the mechanical lock brakes, brake system is through the hydraulic oil, turn the brake pads, brake pads, butterfly spring to complete, when the winch hydraulic oil through tubing into the cavity while working to promote fixed mobile pads which promote the movement of the baffle pressure butterfly spring to rotate the fixed brake pads and brake pads separation so that the rotation of the winch can, when need to brake, oil supply is not as long as stopped to brake chamber of the hydraulic oil giant thrust to balance the stretch of butterfly spring, butterfly spring will surely promote the baffles are moving forward, to provide baffle fixed pads combined with
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