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摘要：本研究旨在了解草食动物厌氧真菌菌群结构的基础上，比较研究反刍动物与非反刍动物厌氧真菌菌群结构的差异及瘤胃内容物与粪便中厌氧真菌菌群结构的差异。研究从数据库获得了57个草食动物样品，共含厌氧真菌ITS序列450043条，数据经质量过滤后用QIIME进行OTU聚类分析及分类注释，然后对反刍动物与非反刍动物、粪便与瘤胃内容物厌氧真菌菌群结构进行比较分析。QIIME聚类分析共获得278个OTUs，分别属于13类厌氧真菌，其中6类为已知厌氧真菌属，7类为未知厌氧真菌属。反刍动物与非反刍动物厌氧真菌菌群结构比较分析发现，非反刍动物厌氧真菌菌群结构相对简单，Piromyces、Caecomyces、Neocallimastix为优势厌氧真菌，且Piromyces含量显著高于反刍动物；反刍动物厌氧真菌菌群结构相对复杂且存在大量未分类序列。粪便与瘤胃内容物厌氧真菌菌群结构比较分析发现，瘤胃内容物中未分类厌氧真菌含量极显著高于粪便（P<0.01），6种已知厌氧真菌属含量差异不显著。研究结果显示，草食动物厌氧真菌菌群结构复杂，目前尚存在大量未分类厌氧真菌；反刍动物厌氧真菌菌群结构比非反刍动物复杂；瘤胃内容物厌氧真菌菌群结构比粪便复杂多样。31593
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毕业论文关键词：厌氧真菌；草食动物；ITS；菌群多态性
The Community of Anaerobic Fungi in Herbivores
Abstract： The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in the anaerobic fungal community between ruminants and non-ruminants, and those between rumen contents and manure on the basis of understanding the structure of anaerobic fungi. The study obtained 57 samples of herbivores from the database，in which there were 450043 ITS sequences of anaerobic fungi. After quality filtration, the data was analyzed with QIIME for taxa note and OTU cluster, and then the differences were compared in the anaerobic fungi flora structure between ruminants and non-ruminants and between rumen contents and manure. QIIME cluster analysis obtained 278 OTUs，coming from 13 genera of anaerobic fungi，six of which are known anaerobic fungi，and seven of which are unknown ones. The anaerobic fungi flora structure comparison between ruminants and non-ruminants has found that: the anaerobic fungi flora structure of non-ruminants is relatively simple; Piromyces, Caecomyces and Neocallimastix are superior anaerobic fungi; the number of Piromyces is significantly higher in ruminants than in non-ruminants；the anaerobic fungi flora structure of ruminants is relatively complex and has a large number of unclassified sequences. The flora structure comparison of anaerobic fungi in manure and rumen contents has found that the number of unclassified anaerobic fungi is significantly higher in rumen contents than in manure（P<0.01），and that the difference in the number of six known genera anaerobic fungi is not significant. The study result shows that the flora structure of anaerobic fungi in herbivores is complicated，a large number of which are still unclassified；that the flora structure is complicated in ruminants than in non-ruminants；and that the flora structure of rumen content is complicated in manure than in rumen contents.
Keywords: Anaerobic fungi；Herbivores；ITS；Flora persity
目 录
摘要3关键词3
Abstract3
Key words4
前言4
1材料与方法4
1.1草食动物厌氧真菌ITS序列获取4
1.2 QIIME分析草食动物厌氧真菌菌群多态性8
1．3反刍动物与非反刍动物厌氧真菌菌群结构差异分析8
1．4粪便与瘤胃内容物厌氧真菌菌群结构差异分析8
1．统计分析8
2结果与分析8
2．1 草食动物厌氧真菌菌群结构分析8
2．2 反刍动物与非反刍动物厌氧真菌菌群结构差异分析9
2．3 粪便与瘤胃内容物厌氧真菌菌群结构差异分析10