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摘要：物理是一门学科，更是一门伟大的科学，仅仅学习知识是不够的。在传统的物理教学过程中，教师往往把教学重心放在了传授物理知识上，这样学生确实可以比较牢固的掌握物理知识。但随着教育改革的深入，对于学生解决实际问题和探索性问题能力的要求越来越高，而且在物理新课程标准中，除了对知识作了一定的要求以外，尤其强调的是“以人为本”。在中高考的变化趋势中也已经可以看出来了，关于研究性学习的探究性试题越来越多，传统的教学模式已经无法满足“新课标”的要求了。为了形象、简洁的处理物理问题，需要把复杂的实际情况转化成容易接受的简单的物理情境，从而形成一定的经验性的规律，即建立物理模型。本文首先从物理模型的概念、特性和分类入手进行了分析，而后论述了在不同课型中的物理模型教学以及在中学物理教学中的重要作用和意义，最后介绍了培养学生构建物理模型能力的方法与途径。65872
毕业论文关键词：物理模型，作用和意义，物理模型教学
Abstract:Physics is not only a subject ,but also a great science. Learning knowledge alone will no longer do. Traditional physical education in our country pays more attention to imparting knowledge. In this situation, the students could master the knowledge of physics well. However, as the education reform further, the demand ever higher in solving practical or exploratory problems. And in the new physics curriculum standard, in addition to the certain requirements on knowledge, what it particular emphasizes is "the people-oriented". Morever, we can see that the research on inquiry learning questions is growing more and more according to change trend in the college entrance examination. Traditional education has been unable to meet the students’ needs of improving the ability. In order to deal with the physical problems concisely, people put complex actual situation into simple physical situation, thus forming some empirical rules, namely the establishment of physical model. This essay starts from concept,characteristics,and classification of the physical models.Then it introduces the different physical model teaching in different types of classes, as well as the roles and significance of physical models. At last, it introduces the ways to improve the students’ ability of constructing physical models.
Keywords: physical models, the roles and significance, the physical model teaching
目 录
1 引言 4
2 认识物理模型 4
2.1 物理模型的概念 4
2.2 物理模型的特性 5
2.3 物理模型的分类 7
3 在不同课型中的物理模型教学 8
3.1 物理概念的模型教学 8
3.2 物理规律的模型教学 8
3.3 物理习题的模型教学 9
4 物理模型在中学物理教学中的作用 10
4.1 有利于培养学生正确的科学思维方法 10
4.2 是教师传播知识和学生获取知识的桥梁 10
4.3 有利于软化教学过程 10
4.4 有利于促进学生能力的提高 11
5 物理模型在中学教学中的意义