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摘要亨利•大卫•梭罗和陶渊明身处不同社会，受到不同文化环境的影响，他们的处世哲学却有着惊人的相似之处：都追求一种简单、平和、超脱的生活；都追求自由与真我。本文通过对两位诗人的作品进行比较，主要分析二者隐逸思想的差异及相同之处，从而揭露他们简单、求真的生活态度对创作伟大的文学作品的影响，对当今这个物欲横流、迷失自我的时代是一剂清醒剂。本研究旨在为人们提供一个机会，重新思考自己的人生,从中可以提高生活水平, 找到真实的自我，在嘈杂的生活中保持内心的平静。40799
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毕业论文关键词：亨利•大卫•梭罗；陶渊明；隐逸思想
Abstract Although Henry David Thoreau and Tao Yuanming having lived in different societies and influenced by different culture backgrounds, these two writers had the surprisingly similar mode and philosophy of life: they both sought simple, free and peaceful life and actual self. Through a comparison of the two poets’ works and life background, this paper especially studys the similarities and differences between their escapism, and reveals their great literary works influenced by their simple and honest attitude towards life, which is a dose of sanity in this impetuous and lost era with material desires. This study is designed to offer people a chance to rethink of their life, from which they might improve the life level, find the actual self and maintain inner peace in the noisy life.
Key words: Henry David Thoreau; Tao Yuanming; reclusive life
A Comparative Study on the Escapism Between Henry David Thoreau and Tao Yuanming
Contents
摘 要...i
Abstract...ii
I. Introduction..1
II.Backgrounds and Causes of Their Thoughts2
2.1 Tao Yuanming3
2.2 Henry David Thoreau4
2.3 The Causes of their Differences and Similarities6
III. Similarities of the Thought Connotation7
3.1 In Pursuit of Simple Life7
3.2 Seeking Actual Self8
3.3 Views of Nature9
IV. Differences of the Thought Connotation 11
4.1 Attitudes to Human Society11
4.2 Getting into or out of the Society12
V. Conclusion14
Bibliography16
Acknowledgements18
I. Introduction
In 19th century in America, Thoreau, a practitioner of transcendentalism, lived two years and two months all by himself at Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts. Although living his short life in relative obscurity, he has come to be considered as one of the central figures of American thought and literature. He put his philosophy ideas into practice and recorded the simple but fulfilling life in his prose work Walden, which remained an eloquent plea for simplicity and deliberateness in everyday life, and continued to haunt those sensible of the distance between ideals and actualities in a materially driven culture. As a writer, he was therefore hailed as the first major elucidator of naturalism in American literary history. At present, excessive and expanding material desires hinder people’s spiritual freedom, and humans have been punished by nature and fallen into an awkward and alienated situation because of the over consumption of resources. So once again, Thoreau’s thought highlights its value of social research and practice.
After having become a government official and quit his job five times, experienced the ups and downs of life and frustrations of his official career, Tao Yuanming made the choice to return home to farm, hiding away from secular affairs into solitude. His pastoral poems showed a unique fresh style and permeated an aesthetic implication of ecological literature. What he expressed in the poetry was his insightful perception about nature and spiritual liberty. His great artistic accomplishment had a deep and long-term effect on later generations. Zhong Rong, a Chinese literary critic in the Southern Dynasties, called him “the master of secluded poets of all ages” (58). This revealed Tao’s prominent and significant status in other hermits’ mind. And he also played a central role in the reclusive literature.