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摘要自动控制系统在各个领域尤其是工业领域中有着及其广泛的应用，锅炉温度控制是控制系统中最为常见的控制类型之一。在锅炉温度控制系统中，电加热锅炉是过程工业中常用的设备，其温度控制也是过程控制的一个重点。然而，电加热锅炉因其具有大时滞、非线性、难以建立精确数学模型等特点，使用PID控制技术虽说有一定优势，但其不具有自适应能力、对于时变、非线性系统控制效果不佳也是事实。近年来，针对常规PID控制在炉温控制上的缺点，许多智能炉温控制器相继问世。它能模拟人的控制行为功能, 最大限度利用系统动态过程所提供的特征信息,及时调整控制器结构或参数,使控制更有效。同时，随着可编程控制器PLC的飞速发展，使得其在处理模拟量能力、数字运算能力、人机接口能力和网络能力得到了很大的提高和进步，越来越多的研究者使用PLC对系统进行编译控制。
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本文以锅炉为研究对象，研究一种最佳的控制方案，以达到系统稳定、调节时间短且超调量小的性能指标。课题介绍了以锅炉温度为被控对象，采用PID控制算法，运用西门子S7-300可编程控制器（PLC）进行编程，并加入模糊控制技术，从硬件设计到参数调整进行相关介绍描述，最后借助MATLAB软件中的SIMULINK和Fuzzy工具箱对系统进行仿真。并对比常规PID控制仿真曲线图进行分析总结。6511
本课题较好地完成了预期的设想，并实现了控制系统的设计与仿真，完成了系统软件的编写和调试。测试结果证明，达到了设计要求。
关键词： 锅炉温度控制；PID控制技术；模糊控制技术；PLC；MATLAB软件
Design of PLC-based Fuzzy PID Temperature Control for Boilers
Abstract
Automatic control system has a wide application in various areas, especially in industrial field. Boiler temperature control is one of the most common types of control in the control system. In boiler temperature control system, electric heating boiler is commonly used in industrial process equipment. Its temperature control is also a key in process control. Electric heating boilers have large time delay, nonlinear, and it is hard to establish precise mathematical model. When we choose PID control technology, it does not has adaptive capacity and has a bad effect on time-varying, nonlinear system control, though it also has some advantages. In recent year, because of the conventional PID control’s disadvantages, many intelligent temperature controllers appeared. It can control the behavior of the function simulation; maximize the use of feature information provided by system dynamic process. It can also make timely adjustment of controller structure or parameters so that it can become more effective control. At the same time, with the rapid development of PLC programmable controller, PLC has been greatly improved in dealing with analog, digital operation ability, man-machine interface capabilities and network capabilities. More and more researchers used PLC to compile control system.
According to the boiler as the research object, the thesis is gonging to study on an optimal control scheme in order to achieve the system stability, control performance in short time and small overshoot. The thesis introduces the boiler temperature as the control object, the PID control algorithm, and use Siemens S7-300 programmable controller (PLC) to program. Fuzzy control technology is also introduced from hardware design to adjust parameter description. Finally, we also use MATLAB SIMULINK software and Fuzzy toolbox to simulate the system and make a compare with conventional PID control simulation curve.
This thesis completed the expected idea, the design of a hardware circuit and the writing and debugging of system software. The test results prove that meets the design requirements.
Keywords: Boiler temperature control; PID control technology; Fuzzy control technology; PLC; MATLAB