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摘要对于一个回转体而言，其物理参数主要是指他的质量、转动惯量和质心位置（质心和质偏心），而质量可以直接测量得到，所以本文主要研究他的转动惯量测量方法和质心位置测量方法，并针对其测量方法设计测试平台。28477
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转动惯量是刚体在转动时惯性大小的量度，它的大小体现了刚体在转动时状态改变的难易程度。转动惯量和物体的质量一样都是物体重要的参数之一。在国防工业中，各种导弹、火箭弹、载人飞船等设备都需要需要测量其转动惯量，用以提高可靠性和确定飞行稳定性。本文中的被测物体是一个类似于导弹形状的回转体，所以本文的研究也可以运用到弹箭和航空领域，具有较大的研究价值和研究意义。
一般能通过两种方式得到物体的转动惯量：对于形状简单、质量分布均匀的物体，可以采取理论计算法。而对于形状比较复杂而且质量分布也不均匀的物体，则采用实际测量法。实际测量法的原理主要是用弹性元件与被测物体组成振荡系统，通过获得系统振荡频率来推算被测物体的转动惯量。
对于一个回转体，我们除了要知道他的转动惯量之外，往往还需要知道他的质心位置来进行力学分析与计算。对于质量分布均匀的构件，可以采用计算的方法，直接得到其质心位置。对于质量分布不均匀的物体需要用到相应的检测装置，将此参数准确的测量出来。常用的测量方法有两种：三点测量法还有四点测量法。而对于本课题所研究的回转体来说，虽然形状是轴对称的但质量分布不明，所以还是要选择测量方法进行测量。
关键词 转动惯量 质心位置 测量方法
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Body in physical parameters test platform structure design
Abstract
For a solid of revolution, its physical parameters is mainly refers to his moment of inertia and mass center position, so this paper mainly study his moment of inertia of the barycentric position of the measuring method and measuring method, and design test platform for its measurement method.
The moment of inertia is a measure of the rigid body size when the rotational inertia, which embodies the size of the rigid body in rotation to the difficulty of the state changes. Moment of inertia of objects as well as the mass of the body is one of the important parameters. In the defense industry, all kinds of missile, rocket, and manned spacecraft devices need to need to measure the moment of inertia, to improve reliability and determine the flight stability. In this article is a similar to the object to be tested missiles in the shape of a solid of revolution, so the research of this paper can also be used to playing the arrows and aviation, has great research value and research significance.
Usually can get the rotational inertia of the object in two ways: for the object shape is simple and uniform density distribution, generally adopt the theoretical calculation method. For the uneven distribution of complex shape, the quality of the object, the actual measurement method is adopted. Actual measurement principle is mainly with elastic element and oscillation system, the object to be tested by obtaining system oscillation frequency to calculate the rotational inertia of the object to be tested. The rotational inertia of the commonly used measuring methods are: compound pendulum method, the torsional pendulum method, three wire pendulum method, single pendulum method and fall method, etc.
For a solid of revolution, we except to know his moment of inertia, often also need to know his center of mass position for mechanics analysis and calculation. For uniform mass distribution components, can adopt the method of calculation, its centroid position can be obtained directly. For the object of uneven distribution of quality need to use the corresponding detection device, the parameters accurately measured. There are two commonly used measuring methods: three measuring method and measuring method at four o 'clock. For this topic research the solid of revolution, although the shape is axisymmetric mass distribution is unknown, so choose measurement method to measure.