分析《远离尘嚣》中的悲剧冲突和效果

菜单

Tragic Effects of Conflicts in Far from the Madding Crowd Abstract Far from the Madding Crowd is Hardy’s forth published novel and the first work that proved to be a success. In this work, Hardy discusses characters living in the countryside and events taking place “far from the madding crowd”, that is, the industrialized or capitalized world. By such a setting, readers expect to see simplicity of the rural world. However, the opposite is the case. Though the story has a happy ending, the tragic atmosphere still outweighs the comic one. Complex relationships are described. The ups and downs of the plots present many tragic conflicts and produce strong tragic effects which are the main field to be explored in this thesis.47479

Keywords: Thomas Hardy; Far from the Madding Crowd; tragic effect; alienation; conflicts

分析《远离尘嚣》中的悲剧冲突和效果摘要《远离尘嚣》是英国作家托马斯·哈代的第四部出版的作品，也是他第一部获得成功的作品。在这部作品中，哈代叙述了世外桃源般的英国乡镇生活和世态人情，这里的世外桃源指的是远离工业喧嚣的地方。这样的背景设置，很容易让读者联想到乡野世界的简单和谐，然而，这部作品讲述的故事并非如此。尽管故事的结局是好的，但全书的悲剧氛围大过了喜剧气息。复杂的人际关系和跌宕起伏的情节，处处展示了悲剧性的冲突，产生了强烈的悲剧效果，这也是这部作品所要探索的。

毕业论文关键词：托马斯·哈代；《远离尘嚣》；悲剧效果；异化；冲突

Contents

1. Literature Review 1

1.1 Definition of Tragedy and Its Forms 1

1.2 Hardy’s Perspective about Modern Life 1

1.3 Hardy’s Explorations of Tragedy Writting 2

2. Major Conflicts in the Novel 3

2.1 Environmental Conflicts in Wetherbury Land 3

2.1.1 New Orders and Old Orders 3

2.1.2 Environment and Modern Characters 3

2.2 Personal Conflicts in Weatherbury Land 5

2.2.1 A Modern Woman——Bathsheba Everdene’s Sense and Sensibility 5

2.2.2 A Modern Prodigal——Sergeant Troy’s Love and Lust 6

2.2.3 A Modern Schizophrenia——William Boldwood’s Oppression and Burst 6

3 Tragic Effects Embodied in the Conclicts 8

3.1. Emotional Shock——Fear and Pity 8

3.2 Emotional Output——Vitality 8

4. Conclusion 10

References 11

1. Literature Review

Far from the Madding Crowd is the one of the masterpieces by Thomas Hardy. Far from the Madding Crowd has a transitional feature because it was written between two historical periods. And many characters in Hardy’s later works can find their prototypes in this work.

1.1 Definition of Tragedy and Its Forms

The source of western tragedy theory can be traced back to the Classic Aristotle's Poetics. In that Classic, Aristotle put forward the definition of tragedy for the first time that tragedy is the imitation of a serious, complete action with a possessing power (Aristotle, 57); of which the media is language; the way is to express feelings by man’s actions rather than by narrative methods; the effect is to arouse pity and fear from the audience so as to strengthen those feelings. “According to Aristotle, ‘pity and fear’ are emotions represented and evoked in tragedy. ‘Pity’ refers to the emotion we feel toward someone who has suffered undeserved misfortune. And ‘fear’ refers to the emotion we feel when we realize that the one who suffers this misfortune is someone like ourselves.” (Liu Jing, 15) This is to say, the purpose of the tragic figures’ actions is to influence the audience’s emotion and reason. Generally speaking, the audience appreciating a tragedy is always in a certain emotional state, for example, happiness, or sadness, or calmness. When a tragedy begins, the emotion of the audience begins to fluctuate as the story unfolds. They feel as if they are experiencing those sufferings that the characters in the tragedy encounters. Hence they often feel deep compassion or sympathy or pity, and also scare or fear, once they assume that they themselves may also suffer the same in the real world. So, the effect of tragedy is to arouse the audience's feelings of pity and fear.