摘要太阳能跟踪转向系统是针对太阳能空调、太阳能制氢、太阳辐照度测量、材料老化实验、高效太阳能光伏发电、高效太阳能热水器等需要对太阳进行实时跟踪的应用领域而设计的。
该太阳能跟踪系统可以对太阳全方位跟踪,具有两个自由度的跟踪能力。经过黑夜或阴天后,只要太阳一出即可跟踪,工作可靠稳定。该系统运用ATMEL公司AT80C52控制芯片,通过对运放器LM354N,LM358组成比较模块对光敏电阻对光线的感应强度和设定基准电压比较结果的检测,并对检测结果进行逻辑运算后,对负责方位角和高度角的步进电机进行控制,从而实现对太阳全方位跟踪。在该论文中详细阐述了控制系统的组成结构和工作原理。该方法利用四个光敏三极管对当前环境光线强度进行感应,在不同强度亮度下,光敏三极管的阻值不一样,所以比较器的正输入电压也不同。如果跟踪板不是正对的太阳,那么四个光敏三极管的阻值也不一样,比较器正输入的电压也不一样,如果正输入电压高于设定的基准电压,比较器将输出一个信号给单片机,单片机根据比较器输入的信号进行逻辑运算,然后控制相应步进电机旋转,直到四个光敏电阻感应光线强度一样。51362
毕业论文关键词:光敏三极管;自动跟踪;比较器模块;单片机(AT80C52);太阳能
ABSTRACT
All-weather solar tracking system for solar air conditioning、Solar hydrogen production、Solar irradiance measurements、materials aging test、solar photovoltaic、 solar water heaters and other high need for solar applications in real-time tracking designed.
ATMEL Corporation AT80C52 use of the system control chip, through the op amp device LM354N, LM358 module composed of relatively light on the photosensitive sensor resistance on the intensity and set the comparison reference voltage detection, and test results of logical operations, the responsible position angle and elevation angle of the stepping motor control, in order to achieve full-track the sun. In the method described in detail the composition of the control system structure and working principle. The method uses nine photosensitive resistances on the current ambient light intensity sensor, at different intensity of light, the photosensitive resistor not the same, so the positive comparator input voltage is different. If the track is not working on the sun, then the resistance of nine photosensitive not the same, the comparator input voltage is not the same, if the input voltage is higher than the set reference voltage, the comparator will output a signal to the SCM, SCM comparator input signal according to logical operations, and then control the corresponding stepper motor rotation, until 9 photosensitive resistance as light intensity sensor.
Key words: Photistor ;Automatic tracking;Comparator module ;Microcontroller (AT80C52) ;Solar energy
目录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 太阳跟踪系统的设计思想 2
1.1.1 设计思想 2
1.1.2 定位 2
1.2 研究背景 2
1.3 研究目标和研究内容 3
1.3.1 研究的目标 3
1.3.2 研究的关键问题 3
1.4 本文的主要内容 4
第二章 系统方案设计及元器件选择 5
2.1 各模块元器件的选择 5
2.1.1 传感器的选择 5
2.1.2 主控芯片的选择