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摘要无论是在中文中还是在英文中，祈使句特征鲜明，是中英语句型中不可缺少的一部分。本研究在语言学领域中的句法和语义知识的背景下，旨在进一步了解中英两种语言中的祈使句，通过搜集中英两本小说中的祈使句作为语料，发现中英祈使句主语的特征，比较有鲜明否定词的中英文祈使句，分析中英祈使句语气的委婉程度。研究发现，英文祈使句主语分类更加鲜明，否定祈使句的否定词存在共性，中文特有的语气词使其语义更加多样化。30706
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关键词 祈使句 主语 句法 语义
毕业论文外文摘要
Title Comparative Study on Syntax and Semantics of Chinese and English Imperative Sentences
Abstract
Whether in English or in Chinese, imperative sentence has distinct characteristics and it is also one of the most indispensable sentence patterns in Chinese and English languages. This study intends to get further understanding of imperative sentence in English and Chinese languages on basis of the knowledge of syntax and semantics. After collecting the corpus of the novels, the subject of imperative sentences are analyzed, imperative sentences in both Chinese and English with distinct negative words are compared. Also, the moods of imperative sentences are illustrated.
Study found that the classifications of the subject of English imperative sentences are more distinct. Also, negative words in both languages have something in common and the modal particles in Chinese imperative sentences make their semantics more various.
Keywords imperative sentence subject semantics syntax
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Significance of the Study 1
1.3 Organization.................... 1
2 Literature Review 3
2.1 Previous Studies on Imperative Sentences 3
2.2 Summary 4
3 Methodology 5
3.1 Research Questions 5
3.2 Material 5
3.3 Analysis 5
4 Discussion and Results 7
4.1 Comparison of the Subject of Imperative Sentence 7
4.1 Comparison of the Negative words of Imperative Sentence 10
4.3 Expressive mood of Imperative Sentences 12
Conclusion 15
Acknowledgements 17
References 18
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
There are four kinds of sentences in English-Chinese language: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, exclamatory sentences and imperative sentences. Among them, imperative sentence is a kind of directive sentence which the speaker asks the listener to do something or not do something, or the speaker invites the listener to do something or not to do something with him/her. Imperative sentence is a kind of essential sentence pattern both in English and Chinese and its subject can be omitted in most cases. The most important feature of English imperative sentences is that their verbs do not change and use the the root form of verbs. And there will be no person and changes of tense. Therefore, imperative sentences do have their own characteristics that differ from other sentences.