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摘 要翻译实践对人类社会的发展起了非常重要的作用。出于翻译的中介和传播作用,民族间互通有无、相互学习、共同发展。然而，翻译最难的是什么呢？难在两种社会和文化的不同。翻译不但要跨越语言的障碍。而且要逾越社会和文化的鸿沟。归根结底，语言的翻译就是社会和文化的翻译。有些东西在一种社会、文化里是不言而喻的，而在另一种社会、文化里却是很难理解；同一个词或成语在不同国家人民中含义却往往不同。翻译决不能只着眼于语言转换，而是透过语言表层，了解其深层内涵和社会文化涵义。10308
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关键词：翻译实践；社会因素；文化因素
Abstract Translation practice plays a very important role in the development of human society. As the functions of mediation and spread, translation makes nationalities learn from each other. What’s more, it achieves the desire in mutual exchanges and promotes common development between nationalities. However, what’s the hardest part of translation? It is the differences of two societies and cultures. Translation not only needs to cross the language barrier, but also to overcome the social and cultural gap. In the final analysis, language translation is a social and cultural translation. Some things is self-evident in a society and culture, but it is difficult to understand in another kind of society and culture. The same word or phrase often have different meanings to the people of different countries. Basing on the complex of the language connotation, in English-Chinese translation practice, will not only focus on the language conversion, but through the surface words of language to understand its meaning and deep cultural connotation. Therefore, the translator has to further study the content of translation that related to the social and cultural characteristics and differences of original language and the target language.
Key words: translation practice; social factor; cultural factor
Contents
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
I. Introduction 1
II. Different Background Between English and Chinese 2
III. The Cultural Factors 4
3.1 Differences of Historical Background 4
3.2 Custom and Tradition 6
3.3 Differences of Religious Beliefs 8
IV. The Social Factors 10
4.1 Geographical Region 10
4.2 Differences of Economic and Political Affairs 12
4.3 Differences on the Way of Living 13
V. Conclusion 14
Bibliography 15
Acknowledgements 16
An Analysis of Social and Cultural Factors in English-Chinese Translation
I. Introduction
When we come to talk about translation, one fact we can never elude is culture. Because translation deals with different languages, that is, how to render what is expressed in one language into another. In the flow of the development of history, the translation was affected by many factors including external factors and internal factors. These factors have a great significance to its development and change. Social and cultural factors are two external factors in translation. The two factors have the effect that are cannot ignored in the translation.
The first traces of translation date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in the area of the First Cataract, Elephantine, where inscriptions in two languages have been found. It is probably safe to say that there has never been a time when the community of translators was unaware of social and cultural differences and their significance for translation. In the recent twenty years, an obvious tendency that considers translation to be a cross-cultural communication activity has emerged in translation study. Nowadays, to study translation from the angle of social and culture is just unfolding.