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摘 要英语介词可以与名词、代词、名词短语、动名词、形容词进行搭配，是英语中最活跃的词类之一。虽然英语介词的数量有限，但其应用的灵活性和复杂性却日益引起人们的关注。本文采用经验总结法对英语介词进行分类，然后分别阐述各类介词的句法功能及固定用法。本文于前人研究的基础上对英语介词进行更加明确和系统地分析，以帮助英语学习者更好的掌握及运用介词。32140
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毕业论文关键词：英语介词；句法功能；固定用法
Abstract English preposition, one of the most frequently-used words, has such great collocation abilities that it can go together with nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, gerunds, adjective. Although English preposition has a limited number, the flexibility and complexity of preposition increasingly arouse the attention of people. On the basis of the analysis and induction of preposition’s usage in specific application through the method of experimental summary, this paper will first classify English prepositions according to their form, state and meaning, and then carry out specific explanations of syntactic function and usage of each kind of English prepositions. The paper aims at carrying out a more explicit and systematic study (based on research results), to help English learners utilize English prepositions properly.
Key words: English prepositions; syntactic function; fixed usage
An Analysis on the Usage of English Prepositions
Contents
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
I. Introduction 1
II. Classifications of English Prepositions 2
2.1 Classification of Prepositions by Form 3
2.2 Classification of Prepositions by State 4
2.3 Classification of Prepositions by Meaning 5
III. Syntactic Functions of English Prepositions 6
3.1 The Role of English Prepositions in Sentences 7
3.2 The Position of English Prepositions in Sentences 8
IV. The Usage of English Prepositions 9
4.1 The Discrimination of Prepositions 9
4.2 The Coexistence of Prepositional Phrases and Verbs 12
4.3 The Special Grammar Function of Prepositions 13
V. Conclusion 14
Bibliography 17
Acknowledgements 18
I. Introduction
Prepositions refer to words used along with nouns in phrases which furnish information about location, time and other relations involving actions and objects (Yule 45). The appearance of prepositions can date back to the Old English (OE) period. However, OE does not have as many prepositions as Present Day English (PDE), owning to the limited case endings in the syntactic relations in OE (Millward 221). In this way, prepositions, used to clarify syntactic relations, are not always necessary. OE prepositions are also in the category of inflected words, so do in PDE. Some of them continue to be used in PDE, such as “to” “for” “in” “on”. During the Middle English (ME) period, the number of prepositions in English usage increases quite a lot, because many of the inflected words in OE are lost during the ME period. Therefore, prepositions are created to fill the gap.
From time to time, prepositions are used to show the relationships between the noun and another word in a sentence (Burchfield 11). English prepositions become free morpheme and occur before nouns and pronouns to show the correlations between them. So they are called as function words. An inpidual preposition is meaningless and it needs to go together with other words to achieve various structural and relational meanings. It is easier to understand the meaning of prepositions in mediating the words when the sentence shows concrete images.