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Based on Liu Miqing's theory, the non-formal aesthetic system can be pided into four fundamental elements, namely ideas, symbols, sentiments and images. (Liu Miqing, 2005: 141) From the perspective of the author, the “sentiment” and “idea” have a close relationship with the purpose of writing and the internal beauty of literary works. The notion of “image” refers to the projection and incarnation of the author’s sentiments or ideas. In addition, the impressiveness and beauty of image largely depends on the careful choice of the objects by the author. Similar to “image”, “symbol” represents a concept resulted from the visual-minded activities of the author. It is often the case that the author casts his ideas and affections in certain images and symbols in his writing activities.
Apart from the above four basic elements, another important aesthetic element that cannot be ignored is the artistic conception. It refers to the combination of images and symbols. The reason why the artistic conception is seen as the nature of non-formal aesthetic system is that it creates the final artistic effect transmitting the author’s aesthetic ideas.