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2.2 Overseas Study of Code-switching
In the 1950s and 1960s, the linguist regarded code-switching as interference. Carol Myers-Scotton studied for nearly ten years in the African multi-language community and finally realized that code-switching is a unique language phenomenon in 1972, that is, until the 1970s the study of code-switching started to receive the attention from the academic circle and gradually became the focus of scholars studying syntax, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics. However, most of them mainly studied specified limits of code-switching and didn’t pay much attention to general limits of code-switching, such as Gumperz who studied the exception of switching and imposed some specified limit on it.
In the 1980s, the scholars started to expand the vision to discover more universal limit which mainly refers to switching of words. What’s more, they took it as some communicative approach to accomplish social interaction.
In the 1990s, some general principles had been established to explain the switching of words, especially the switching of pronoun. The scholars attaching more importance to code-switching expanded their approaches through different research methods. Meanwhile, they introspected seriously the previous discuss about relevant theories and approaches and produced many fruits. For example, “Carol Myers-Scotton finished Codes and Consequences which introduces the definition of code and studies what codes brings and Choosing Linguistic Varieties which specifically explains linguistic varieties that is one kind of codes; Peter Auer published Codeswitching in Conversation Language and Identity(Yao Mingfa, 2007: 149-150).”文献综述
In the recent years, the overseas study has made great progress. For instance, the micro study focusing on code-switching which studying the code-switching phenomenon in some register by means of ethnography; the study focusing on setting metatheory of code-switching and typology of code-switching; the study about code-switching occurring in the conversational discourse and so on. In addition, the study applies not only one or two approaches but multiple approaches including syntax, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics and conversational analysis.
2.3 Domestic Study of Code-switching
Chinese study about code-switching nearly covers all the approaches of western study about code-switching, including sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, syntax, conversational analysis and foreign teaching. Among them, the study in the sociolinguistic approach plays an important role. For example, “Zhu Wanjin and Wang Runjing study the code-switching occurring in the family conversation in Analysis about Code-switching in Family Conversation in 1997; Li Jingwei discusses the marking function of code-switching in 1999; And Gao Jun and Dai Weihua analysis the relationship between code-switching and sociolinguistic factor in 2000; Zhao Ronghui studies about code-switching in his sociolinguistics in 2005 (He Li, Zhao Hongwei, 2009: 84),” and so on. In the syntactic approaches, Wang Jin and Huang Guowen conclude and analysis the structure of code-switching in 2004; some scholars study code-switching in the domestic literature in the combined approaches. Wang Jin, Huang Guowen and LvDairong are the main representatives in the field of conversational analysis. Referring to foreign teaching, Chen Liping makes a systematic study about code-switching applied in the class for English-major students.
Expect for the study from the traditional angles, many scholars expand the relevant theoretical studies. Huang Guowen put forward Gricc’s theory to study code-switching. “He holds that code-switching is a kind of sign of language and the speaker usually conveys some implication in the way of code-switching. The intention can be discovered by the principles of pragmatics to further the communication (He Li, Zhao Hongwei, 2009: 85).” After concluding the merits and demerits of all the traditional approaches, Yu Guodong explains Linguistic Adaptation Theory of Verschueren and proposes the Adaptation Model of Code-switching based on Verschueren’s study. He believes that the specific factors that code-switching adapts to can be pided to linguistic reality, social convention and mental motivation.来~自^751论+文.网www.751com.cn/