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The Yangs, guided by the faith to preserve and spread Chinese culture, is source-culture-oriented, believing in the universality of culture and believing that target readers can ultimately understand the idiosyncrasies of Chinese culture. Hawkes’, conversely, constrained by his Christian background for the sake of western readers, is target-culture-oriented and more reader-oriented and thus uses domestication translation strategy by replacing the religious in the source text with the Christian thoughts which are more familiar and acceptable to the English readers.
3.1.1Buddhism
Buddhism is the ruling religious belief for Chinese people who believe in the omnipotence “天” and “菩萨”, which has authority over everything on earth.While Christianity is the dominant religion in west and they believe in “上帝”. When translating religious expressions, the two translators use different translation strategies under the influence of different cultural backgrounds. For example,