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摘 要委婉语是人类语言使用过程中的一种普遍现象，是人们表达不愉快或尴尬事情时，较为礼貌的说法。我们用英语委婉语作为一种替代语使之听起来美妙。它是一种修辞格更是一种文化现象。语言折射出生活而且总是密切联系生活。在交流中，出于行为道德的规范，人们倾向于使用委婉语——作为一种润滑剂，使伤人粗俗的话听起来圆滑顺耳。英语委婉语在我们的日常生活中起着重要作用。本文主要研讨了关于生老病死，职业及教育方面的委婉语。英语委婉语被广泛用于我们的日常生活，奇迹般的改变了我们的语言世界。10670
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关键词：英语委婉语；禁忌；语言
Abstract Euphemism is a common phenomenon in the process of human language using and a polite way used when people talk about those unhappy or embarrassed things. We use English euphemism as a substitution to make it sound pleasant. It is a figure of speech, furthermore a kind of cultural phenomenon. During the communication, due to some certain restriction of behavior and morality, people tend to use euphemism—as a kind of lubrication, making the harsh, indelicate words sound tactful and pleasant. English euphemism plays a very important role in our daily life. This paper elaborates on expressions to describe different phases of life and euphemism of occupation and education.
Key words: English euphemism; language; lubrication; daily life
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
Ⅰ. Introduction 1
Ⅱ. The Production of English Euphemism 2
2.1 Definition of Euphemism 2
2.2 The Evolution of Euphemism 3
2.3 Excretory Euphemism 4
2.4 The Relationship Between Euphemism and Taboo 5
Ⅲ . Different Expression of Daily Euphemism 7
3.1 The Euphemism of Life 7
3.2 The Euphemism of Illness and Old Age 8
3.3 The Euphemism of Death 9
Ⅳ . The Euphemism of Occupation and Education 10
4.1To Raise the Professional Status 10
4.2 To Use the Analogy 11
Ⅴ. Conclusion 12
Bibliography 14
Acknowledgements 15 The Application of Daily English Euphemism
Ⅰ. Introduction
Euphemism refers to mild, agreeable, or roundabout words used in place of coarse, painful, or offensive ones. In the beginning was the word, there followed, at an undetermined but one assumes decent interval private, harsh, and dirty words. Invention here being the mother of necessity, the need for euphemism arose. In every society, there are certain things that are not supposed to be speakable or mentioned directly. A fair number of words are labeled0 frivolous, vulgar, or at least inconsiderate. But in communication, for better maintaining social relationship and exchanging ideas, people have to resort to a kind of language, which can make distasteful ideas seem acceptable or even desirable.
“Language serves to maintain social rules”, said by Halliday. (qtd. In Toner 142) Therefore，we need to launch a research on the application of daily English Euphemism. The word “euphemism” titled with “eu” that means good, and the stem “phemism” that means speech. The literal meaning of euphemism is a word of good omen. Euphemism is a universal language phenomenon in human society and a significant means to adjust the interpersonal relationship. It is widely used in our daily life. And courtesy is the major function of euphemisms. Without euphemisms, the world comes to a halt because of frication and resentment would arise from among people.
Abstract Euphemism has long been a topic of much interest, especially to sociolinguists. The record of euphemism is not found until the eleventh century B.C. By the early 1580s, George Blountto first pointed out that the term “euphemism” refers to a good or favorable interpretation of a bad word (243). There has been much research into the nature and scope of euphemisms, and several language dictionaries of euphemisms in English have been published since the 1980s. However, past studies of euphemisms are flawed in several ways. To begin with, there has been no general agreement on the definition of euphemism. Furthermore, attention has been mainly restricted to lexical euphemisms. Lastly, the role of euphemisms in linguistic change has not received adequate attention. Future researches in euphemism should not only address the above-mentioned problems, but also try to provide an adequate account for the social and psychological factors that affect this aspect of language use.