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1.2 Research Methodology
This paper intends to analyze the English translation of Government Work Reports at the Eighteenth Party Congress with methodologies of contrastive analysis, induction and exemplification. When making contrastive analysis, both Chinese version and English version will be included. Characteristics will be summed up at the lexical level, syntactical level and rhetoric level. Examples will be given according to specific condition.
1.3 Purpose And Significance Of The Thesis
Nowadays, more and more foreigners pay attention to the English translation of Government Work Reports. Through the translation, they know China's policies and future directions. This paper will study characteristics of English translation of Government Work Reports at the Eighteenth Party Congress. Through the study, the author find that jargons, formal words and collocations are used at lexical level, passive and imperative sentences are used in syntactical level, and rhetorical methods are also used in the translation. Based on the study of lexical, syntactical and rhetorical level of characteristics, some practical translation strategies are summarized. And from the perspective of Functional Translation Theory, translation should emphasize the intended purpose of the translation and text function. And these translation strategies can help translators reach the goals. And through the study of characteristics, the author wish to guide the translation of political texts afterwards, improve the English translation level and promote better exchange between China and the other countries.
1.4 Layout Of The Thesis
The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one provides a general introduction, including the literature review and research methodology, purpose and significance. Chapter two is Theoretical Framework, and it discusses Functional Translation Theory. Chapter three and four are the main body of the thesis, including characteristics and strategies. In chapter three, the author studies characteristics of both Chinese and English version of Government Work Reports at the Eighteenth Party Congress, and factors that influence the translation of Government Work Reports at the Eighteenth Party Congress. In chapter four, there are four parts, including strategies of functionalism at lexical level, syntactical level, rhetorical level and a summary. Chapter five is a brief conclusion of the thesis.
2 Theory Frameworks
The 1970s and 1980s saw a move away from the static linguistic typologies of translation shifts and the emergence and flourishing in Germany of a functionalist and communicative approach to the analysis of translation (Jeremy Munday, 2001: 73).
2.1 Skopos Theory
Functional Translation Theory can also be called Skopos Theory. In 1971, Katharina Reiss first presents functional approach, which aims at systematizing the assessment of translations and introduces the concept of functional type into translation theory and regards text function as one criterion in translation criticism. What is more, Hans J. Vermeer breaks the limitation of equivalence theory and points out that when dealing with practical problems which are hard to solve, translators should stress the interaction and pragmatic features. In his opinion, purpose of the whole translation behavior is the major factor which decides the translation process. Christiane Nord, as the representative of the second generation of Skopos Theory, carries on and develops the first generation of Skopos Theory. With the help of translation classification model of other theorists, she points out two translation strategies, namely documentary translation and instrumental translation.
2.2 Rules For Skopos Theory
There are three main rules, skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule.
2.2.1 Skopos Rule
It is the top-ranking rule for some kind of translation. It means that a translation action is determined by its skopos, that is the end justifies the means. Vermeer explains the skopos rule as each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose.Vermeer also stresses on many occasions that the skopos rule is a general rule, and translation strategies and methods are determined by the purpose and the intended function of the target text.